Preparation of composites based on recycled polypropylene and automotive shredder residue

In past research, mechanical recycling of automotive shredder residue (ASR) has led to serious deterioration of material performance, and real‐scale application in this way still remains a challenge. Here, we report a sustainable approach called solid‐state shear milling (SSSM) for the production of high‐performance polypropylene (PP)/ASR composites with robust mechanical performance on a commercial scale. After the SSSM process, the obtained 50/50 wt% PP/ASR composite exhibited a 41.3% increase in tensile strength, 32.9% increase in flexural strength and 55.0% increase in impact toughness when compared with corresponding composites made by traditional direct melt blending. In particular, the toughness of the material can be improved by further addition of PP grafted with maleic anhydride with toughness comparable to that of recycled PP, and a 325% increase in toughness can be obtained with addition of styrene–butadiene–styrene block copolymer grafted with maleic anhydride. This PP/ASR composite shows good processability and high thermal stability, and meets the requirements of many applications for nonstructural products. The approach presented in this paper highlights a novel technique for ASR recycling. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测多基质保健食品中27种非法添加降糖类化合物

目的 建立超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱检测保健食品中27种降糖类非法添加化合物的方法。方法 4种不同基质保健品样品经甲醇超声提取后，采用Waters XBridge Amide色谱柱 (2.1 mm×100 mm, 3.5 μm)，以5 mmol/L甲酸铵水溶液和5 mmol/L甲酸铵乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱，分离苯乙双胍、二甲双胍、伏格列波糖、阿卡波糖、丁二胍共5种化合物；采用Waters CORTECS T3色谱柱 (2.1 mm×100 mm, 2.7 μm)，以0.1%甲酸水溶液和乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱，分离维达列汀、罗格列酮、西他列汀、吡格列酮等22种化合物；环格列酮采用电喷雾离子化负离子模式，其余26种化合物采用电喷雾离子化正离子模式，以多反应监测方式进行检测。结果 伏格列波糖、阿卡波糖、达格列净、卡格列净、曲格列酮、环格列酮6种化合物在250 ng/mL~12.5 μg/mL范围内线性关系良好，其余21种化合物在5~250 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好，线性相关系数r均大于0.99；27种化合物检出限(limit of detection, LOD)范围为1~1000 μg/kg；在低、中、高三水平加标，其回收率均在70%~120%范围内，相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD)为0.7%~10% (n=6)。结论 本方法快速、灵敏、高效、准确，适用范围广，可用于保健食品中降糖类化合物的高通量检测。     

Morison方程中动水阻力项对桥梁桩柱地震反应的影响

在深水桥梁地震反应分析中,当采用Morison方程来考虑桩等水中横向小尺寸结构上水的作用时,等效为增加了一个附加惯性力项和一个附加阻力项,其中,附加阻力项是非线性的。由于非线性附加阻力项的存在,给采用反应谱方法求解桥梁的地震反应带来不便。本文讨论了非线性阻力项对一般桥梁桩柱结构地震反应的贡献,得到的结论是阻力项的贡献很小,可以忽略。这样,水中桥梁地震反应的计算就得到了很大的简化。     

土地增值税预征清算对房地产开发的影响

根据土地增值税与房地产开发项目成本、利润、价格的关系,分析了土地增值税预征清缴对房地产开发的影响,并从企业、政府方面提出了建议。     

煤炭企业税收负担过重的原因分析与建议

针对目前煤炭企业政策性税收负担过重的现状,对煤炭企业所承受的税收负担过重原因进行了总结、分析,并提出了相应的解决办法和建议,得出了一些有益的结论。     

大数据时代小微印刷企业的发展策略研究

面对大数据引发的信息革命浪潮及国家文化产业大发展、大繁荣的新形势,我国传统小微印刷企业面临着严峻挑战与历史机遇.我国小微印刷企业普遍存在创新能力欠缺、产业结构不合理、盈利手段单一、抗风险能力较差及污染环境等诸多弊病,小微印刷业应顺应时代潮流,抓住历史机遇,加快由传统加工型产业向现代服务业转型的步伐.我国小微印刷企业可采取融入文化创意元素、丰富印刷文化内涵,对接互联网络平台、探索增值盈利模式,推行全数字化流程、发展绿色按需印刷等科学转型之道,以实现企业的转型升级.     

Effect of recycled content and rPET quality on the properties of PET bottles,part II: Migration

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles were produced from three types of recycled PET (rPET) with four levels of recycled content. The migration of substances from these bottles to water was studied. Several migrated substances were detected. The migrated amounts of acetaldehyde and ethylene glycol complied with the limits given in the food contact material (FCM) legislation. Migration of 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane was below the limit of 10 μg·L⁻¹, which is conventionally applied for non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) not classified as ‘carcinogenic’, ‘mutagenic’ or ‘toxic to reproduction’ (CMR). Limonene, acetone, butanone and furan were also detected as migrants, of which limonene is a natural fragrant, and the other three are probably residues from solvents used to clean and protect the mould at the small-scale production facility. Finally, benzene and styrene were also found as migrants from rPET. These migrants appear to originate from heat-induced reactions within the PET matrix, which involve contaminants. The formation of benzene in rPET is attributed to polyvinylchloride as contaminant. The migrated amounts of benzene from the PET bottles with recycled content to the water simulant are relatively small (0.03–0.44 μg·L⁻¹) after 10 days at 40°C. Consequently, the margin of exposure is 3.10⁵–8.10⁶. Hence, the level of concern for the public health is low, and the migrated amount represents a low priority for risk management. The FCM legislation demands a risk assessment for migrating NIAS. Depending on the underlying data and exposure scenario, different threshold limits in the food can be derived which can still be considered as safe.     

烃分压对乙烯裂解炉产物收率的影响

降低原料裂解时的烃分压有利于提高烯烃收率,而COP与稀释比是影响烃分压的重要参数。利用SPYRO软件模拟了COP和稀释比的变化对于裂解产物收率的影响。结果表明,采取较低的COP和较高的稀释比有利于提高乙烯裂解炉高附加值产物收率。     

Value‐added bioconversion of biomass by solid‐state fermentation

The value‐added bioconversion of biomass is necessary due to the depletion of fossil fuels and deterioration of the global environment situation. Based on the analysis of characteristics of solid materials and the applicability of solid agro‐industrial residues used as feedstock for solid‐state fermentation (SSF), the authors established a value‐added bioconversion system for biomass using the key technology SSF. This article gives an overview of biomass bioconversion by SSF and the corresponding advances achieved in recent years. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Evaluation Results of the Signal Decomposition Technique for OFDM Transmission which Achieves the Power‐Added Efficiency Improvement and the SNR Enhancement Using the Noise Elimination

The authors have proposed the signal decomposition technique as one of the powerful solution to mitigate the large peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) to be addressed in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmitters especially on mobile terminals. In order to enhance the receiver SNR, the simple noise elimination techniques working together with the signal decomposition technique have also been proposed that eliminates the noise added on the decomposed constant amplitude on‐off‐signals taking advantage of the knowledge of their constant amplitude at the receiver. In this paper, we discuss the parameter design issue of the proposed techniques and their optimization. Then, demonstrate the PAPR, the power‐added efficiency (PAE), and also the BER performances operating on the optimized parameters. It is confirmed that the proposed signal decomposition technique improves the PAPR by 4 dB and doubles the PAE at the complementary cumulative distribution function of 1%. It is also confirmed that the proposed noise elimination technique improves the receiver SNR by 3 dB at the BER of 10 to 3, which is nearly equal to that of conventional OFDM, under the conditions that the decomposed signals are transmitted over the independent additive white Gaussian noise channels. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the proposed techniques work properly when the decomposed signals are transmitted over 2 × 2 multi‐input multi‐output.